4.2.1. The for Loop, Chapter - 4, Control Structures, HSSC-II (12th Class) Computer Science Key Point Notes

12th Class (HSSC-II) Computer SLO Based Key Point Notes

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Unit 4: Control Structures

4.2.1. The for Loop

The for loop is used to execute a statement or set of statements repeatedly for a specified number of times. It is also known as Counter Loop.

Syntax:

for( Initialization; Condition; Increment/Decrement )
{
            statement 1; 
            statement 2;
            …

            …
            statement N;
}

Working of “for loop”

The number of iterations or repetitions depends on the initialization, condition, and increment/decrement parts of the “for loop”.

The for loop is executed as follows:

1. First, the initialization part is executed. It is executed only once when the control enters the loop.
2. Then the condition is evaluated, if it is TRUE, then the body of the loop is executed.
3. After executing the body of the loop, the increment/decrement part is executed that changes the value of a counter variable.
4. Then control again transfers the condition part. This process continues while the condition is TRUE. The loop is terminated when the given condition becomes FALSE. 

Flowchart of “for loop”

Example # 1:

Write a program that displays “Pakistan” for five times.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        for ( int n=1 ; n<=5 ; n++ )
        {
                cout<<“ \n PAKISTAN”;
        }
        getch();
}

Example # 2:

Write a program that reads an integer and prints its multiplicative table up to 20.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        int n;
        cout<<“Enter a number: “;
        cin>>n;
        for (int i=1; i<=10; i++)
        {
                cout<<n<<“\tx”<<i<<“\t=“<<n*i<<“\n”;
        }
        getch();
}

Example # 3:

Write a program that inputs a number and finds its factorial using a for loop.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        int n,f=1;
        cout<<“Enter an integer number: “;
        cin>>n;
        for (int c =1; c<=n; c++)
        {
                f = f * c;
        }
        cout<<“\n\tFactorial of a number is: “<<f;
        getch();
}

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4.1. Control Structure

4-1-1 The if statement

4.1.3. The else-if Statement:

4.1.4. The Switch Statement:

4.1.5. Differentiate between ELSE- IF and SWITCH

4.2. Loop

4.2.1. The for Loop

4.2.2. The While loop:

4.2.3. The do-while loop

4.2.4. Differentiate between while and do-while loop

4.2.5. The break and Continue Statement

4.2.6 Exit() Function

4.2.7. Nested Loop

Chapter 4 (Complete Key Point Notes)

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