4.2.7. Nested Loop, Chapter - 4, Control Structures, HSSC-II (12th Class) Computer Science Key Point Notes

12th Class (HSSC-II) Computer SLO Based Key Point Notes

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Based on National Curriculum Pakistan 2023-2024 and Onward prescribed by Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Islamabad, and All Pakistan Boards) 

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Unit 4: Control Structures

4.2.7. Nested Loop

• A loop within another loop is called a nested loop.
• The loop that contains another loop in its body is called the outer loop.
• The loop used inside the body of the outer loop is called the inner loop.
• In a nested loop, the inner loop is completely executed for each iteration of the outer loop.
• Any loop can be placed inside the body of any other loop.

The general syntax of the nested loop is as follows:

            Outer Loop
            {
                    Inner Loop
                    { }
            }

Working of nested loop

The nested loop is executed as follows:

1. The condition given in the outer loop is evaluated. If the condition is TRUE, controls enter inside the body of the outer loop. Otherwise, the loop is terminated.

2. If body of outer loop contains any statement before the inner loop, it is executed.

3. The condition of inner loop is evaluated.

• When the condition is TRUE, the body of the inner loop is completely executed repeatedly until the given condition remains TRUE. 
• When the condition of the inner loop is FALSE, the inner loop is terminated.
• If there is any statement after the body of inner loop, it is executed and then control transfers at the beginning of outer loop.

4. Steps 1 to 3 are repeated until the given condition of the outer loop remains TRUE.

Example # 1:

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        for (int i = 1; i<=2; i++)
        {
                cout<<“\n PAKISTAN”;
                for ( int j=1; j<=3; j++)
                {
                cout<<“\n ZINDABAD”;
                }
        }
        getch();
}

Example # 2:

Write a program that displays the following shape using nested for loops.

        *
        * *
        * * *
        * * * *
        * * * * *

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        for (int i = 1; i<=5; i++)
        {
                cout<<“\n”;
                for (int j = 1; j<=i; j++)
                {
                cout<<“ *”;
                }
        }
        getch();
}

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4.1. Control Structure

4-1-1 The if statement

4.1.3. The else-if Statement:

4.1.4. The Switch Statement:

4.1.5. Differentiate between ELSE- IF and SWITCH

4.2. Loop

4.2.1. The for Loop

4.2.2. The While loop:

4.2.3. The do-while loop

4.2.4. Differentiate between while and do-while loop

4.2.5. The break and Continue Statement

4.2.6 Exit() Function

4.2.7. Nested Loop

Chapter 4 (Complete Key Point Notes)

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