4.1.3. The else-if Statement, Chapter - 4, Control Structures, HSSC-II (12th Class) Computer Science Key Point Notes

12th Class (HSSC-II) Computer SLO Based Key Point Notes

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Unit 4: Control Structures

4.1.3. The else-if Statement:

• The else-if statement is used to choose one block of statements out of many blocks.
• It is used when there are many options and only one should be selected on the basis of a condition.

General Syntax

if (condition1)
{
        Block of statement 1
}
else if (condition2)
{
        Block of statement 2
}
else if (condition n)
{
        Block of statement n
}
else
{
        Block of statement n
}

Explanation

• In this structure, if any of the conditions is true, the program executes the statements under that if or else-if.
• If none of the conditions is true, the program executes the statements under the final else.

Flow Chart

Explanation

• Condition 1 is evaluated.
• If it is true, the block of statement 1 is executed and control is transferred to the next statement.
• If condition 1 is false then condition 2 is evaluated. If it is true then the block of statements 2 following condition 2 is executed.
• In this manner, conditions are evaluated one by one. When any condition is true, the block of the statement following that condition is executed, the rest of the code is skipped and control is transferred to the next statement.
• If none of the conditions is true then the last block of statements following the keyword else is executed. The else block is optional.
• If a single statement is to be executed then braces are not required.

Example 1

Write a program that inputs the marks of a student and prints his Grade according to the following scheme:

80 – 100             A
70 – 79               B
60 – 69               C
50 – 59               D
Below 50             F

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
            clrscr();
            int marks;
            cout<<“Enter your Marks: “;
            cin>>marks;
            if (marks >= 80)
                    cout<<“Your Grade is A\n”;
            else if (marks >= 70)
                    cout<<“Your Grade is B\n”;
            else if (marks >= 60)
                    cout<<“Your Grade is C\n”;
            else if (marks >= 50)
                    cout<<“Your Grade is D\n”;
            else
                    cout<<“Your Grade is F\n”;
            getch();
}

Assignment

• Write a program that inputs two numbers and performs an arithmetic operation on those numbers by entering the choice. i.e.
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
        clrscr();
        int num1, num2, result;
        int option;
        cout<<“Enter 1st Number”;
        cin>>num1;
        cout<<“Enter 2nd Number”;
        cinn>>num2;
        cout<<“1. Addition \n 2. Subtraction \n 3. Multiplication \n 4. Division \n”;
        cout<<“Enter option 1-4: “;
        cin>>option;
        if(option == 1)
                    cout<<“Sum of numbers is: “<<num1+num2;
         else if(option ==2)
                    cout<<“Difference of numbers is: “<<num1-num2;
         else if(option == 3)
                    cout<<“Product of numbers is: “<<num1*num2;
        else if (option == 4)
                    cout<<“Division of numbers is: “<<num1/num2;
         else
                    cout<<“you have entered the wrong option”;
         getch();
}

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4.1. Control Structure

4-1-1 The if statement

4.1.3. The else-if Statement:

4.1.4. The Switch Statement:

4.1.5. Differentiate between ELSE- IF and SWITCH

4.2. Loop

4.2.1. The for Loop

4.2.2. The While loop:

4.2.3. The do-while loop

4.2.4. Differentiate between while and do-while loop

4.2.5. The break and Continue Statement

4.2.6 Exit() Function

4.2.7. Nested Loop

Chapter 4 (Complete Key Point Notes)

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