(Class 8 English Notes for 8th Centralized Exam 2023 and onward, FDE, Islamabad)
(Source: National Book Foundation - New Book/New Syllabus according to Federal Directorate of Education (FDE) 2023-2024 and Onwards)
Click Here for Solved MCQs Unit-1
B. Short questions
Q(i) What are the major causes of Pollution?
Ans: The addition of harmful substances in the environment is called pollution. The unjustified use of resources has damaged the environment badly. Major pollution-causing substances are:
• Harmful gases and dust from factories• Pollutants from power stations and automobiles
• Sewage from urban areas
• Use of plastics
Q(ii). Differentiate between primary and secondary consumers.
Ans:
The consumers that feed on green plants are Primary consumers. These consumers are called Herbivores.
Secondary consumers feed on other animals so are carnivores.
Q(iii) What is mutualism? Give some examples.
Ans: Symbiotic interaction in which both members get benefit is called mutualism
e.g. microorganisms in the gut of herbivores help to digest cellulose and get food and shelter in return. Some bacteria live in the intestine of man. They get food and provide us with some vitamins in return.
Q(iv) Enlist the ways to control air pollution.
Ans: Ways of control Air Pollution:
1. The shift to clean energy sources will help reduce air pollution and reverse its effect on the environment.2. The use of wind power stations and solar energy is replacing coal and oil power station. Electrical vehicles are becoming popular day by day.
Q(v) Why sewage water must be treated before releasing it into streams?
Ans: Sewage water from homes and industries must be treated before releasing into streams. It is one of the key steps to controlling water pollution and keeping the ecosystem flourishing.
Q(vi) How can you grow plants in warm areas in a region with low environmental temperature?
Ans: Vegetables and fruit plants that cannot withstand cold can be grown in a greenhouse. Glass or plastic sheet traps heat energy to keep the temperature higher than the surrounding environment.
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1. 5th Class All Subjects Notes
2. 8th Class All Subjects Notes
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