Class 8 General Science Notes: - Unit-4: Biotechnology: Solved Exercise (Long Questions and Answers)

(National Book Foundation - New Book/New Syllabus Based on National Curriculum Pakistan 2023-2024 and Onwards)

(Class 8 General Science Notes for 8th Centralized Exam 2023-2024 and onward, FDE, Islamabad)

C. Long Questions

Q1. Explain how biotechnology is helping to solve issues of food shortage?

Ans:

Biotechnology is helping to solve issues of food shortage by the following methods.

1. Production of GMOs: Genetically modified animals are producing more milk and meat. Fruits and vegetables with better quality and improved shelf lives are also being produced on large scale.

2. Production of food by microorganisms: Food produced by the use of microorganisms is more nutritious as they contain essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals e.g. single cell proteins.

3. Fermented Food: Foods produced by the fermentation process have better taste and quality and have longer storage life.

4. High Yield of Food products: More yield of milk, eggs, and meat has become possible by using modern technology.

5. Production of resistant crops: Crops resistant to diseases and harmful insects are being cultivated in the world to solve the food shortage of the increasing human population.

Q2. What are the applications of biotechnology?

Ans

⚫ Food produced by the use of microorganisms is more nutritious as they contain essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals and have longer storage life.

⚫ More yields of milk and meat have become possible by using modern technology.

⚫ Crops resistant to disease and harmful insects are being cultivated in most parts of the world. It is helping to solve the food shortage problem of the increasing human population.

⚫ Many vaccines are in use to prevent infections.

⚫Human hormones like insulin and human growth hormone are produced by genetically modified microorganisms.

⚫ Fuels like biodiesel and ethanol are helping to reduce the use of fossil fuels.

⚫To avoid toxic chemicals, microorganisms are now being used to produce textile dyes.

⚫ Biodegradable plastics are decomposed by bacteria and fungi. So these plastics do not cause pollution.

⚫ Modified microorganisms are more efficient in removing wastes from the environment.

⚫Some microorganisms are in use to remove toxic wastes from the environment.

Unit-4: Biotechnology: Solved Short Questions and Answers

Class 8 General Science Notes

Source: General Science Book (National Book Foundation, Pakistan)

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