100 Important Basic MCQs (Level -1) on Physics of Solids, Physics (Unit-Wise MCQs Practice):
Whether you are preparing for board examinations, chapter tests, college assessments, or competitive entrance exams (MDCAT, ECAT, NUST, PIEAS, GIKI, UET, FAST, and other engineering or medical admission tests), this comprehensive MCQ collection is designed to help you master Physics of Solids. The questions are arranged progressively—from basic concepts to advanced numerical problems and higher-order thinking—ensuring complete and systematic preparation for every type of examination.
This chapter-wise MCQ collection includes:
- 100 Basic MCQs Level-1 (1–100) – Covering crystal structure, elasticity, stress, strain, elastic moduli, energy band theory, semiconductors, magnetism, superconductivity, and other fundamental concepts.
- 100 Advanced & Numerical MCQs (101–200) – Focusing on elasticity calculations, stress-strain analysis, strain energy, semiconductor numericals, superconductivity, and practical applications.
- 50 Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) MCQs (201–250) – Designed to develop analytical reasoning, conceptual understanding, graph interpretation, and application-based problem-solving.
- 50 Challenging MCQs Quiz with Answers – A carefully selected mix of conceptual, numerical, and HOTS questions for quick revision, self-assessment, and exam preparation.
This MCQ collection covers:
- Classification and crystal structure of solids
- Elasticity, stress, strain, and Hooke's law
- Young's, Bulk, and Shear Modulus
- Stress-strain curve and strain energy
- Energy band theory
- Conductors, insulators, and semiconductors
- Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
- Superconductivity and Meissner Effect
- Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism
- Magnetic hysteresis, retentivity, coercivity, and magnetic materials
Every MCQ includes the correct answer with a clear, concept-based explanation to strengthen understanding, improve problem-solving skills, and reinforce key physics concepts.
This question bank helps students to:
- Build a strong conceptual foundation
- Master elasticity and mechanical properties of solids
- Improve numerical and analytical skills
- Understand semiconductors, superconductivity, and magnetism
- Increase speed, accuracy, and confidence in objective-type questions
- Prepare effectively for both board examinations and competitive entrance tests
With 250 carefully selected MCQs arranged into 100 Basic, 100 Advanced & Numerical, and 50 HOTS questions, plus a 50 Challenging MCQs Quiz, this all-in-one MCQ bank provides complete preparation for Physics of Solids and is an excellent resource for Board Exams, MDCAT, ECAT, NUST, PIEAS, GIKI, UET, FAST, and other engineering and medical entrance examinations.
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Physics of Solids MCQs Level 1 – 100 Basic MCQs ( 1–100)
MCQ No. 21
The ability of a material to regain its original shape after the removal of an external force is called:
(a) Plasticity
(b) Elasticity
(c) Ductility
(d) Hardness
Correct answer: (b) Elasticity
Explanation: Elasticity is the property by which a material returns to its original dimensions after the deforming force is removed, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.
MCQ No. 22
The maximum stress up to which a material obeys Hooke's law is called the:
(a) Breaking point
(b) Yield point
(c) Elastic limit
(d) Plastic limit
Correct answer: (c) Elastic limit
Explanation: A material behaves elastically and obeys Hooke's law only up to its elastic limit.
MCQ No. 23
Hooke's law states that, within the elastic limit:
(a) Stress is inversely proportional to strain.
(b) Stress is directly proportional to strain.
(c) Stress is proportional to force only.
(d) Strain is independent of stress.
Correct answer: (b) Stress is directly proportional to strain.
Explanation: Hooke's law states that stress is directly proportional to strain as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded.
MCQ No. 24
The proportionality constant between stress and strain is called:
(a) Elastic modulus
(b) Density
(c) Pressure
(d) Momentum
Correct answer: (a) Elastic modulus
Explanation: Elastic modulus measures the stiffness of a material and is equal to the ratio of stress to strain.
MCQ No. 25
The SI unit of Young's modulus is:
(a) Newton
(b) Joule
(c) Pascal
(d) Watt
Correct answer: (c) Pascal
Explanation: Since Young's modulus is the ratio of stress to strain, it has the same SI unit as stress, i.e., pascal (Pa).
MCQ No. 26
Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of:
(a) Stress to strain
(b) Strain to stress
(c) Force to extension
(d) Extension to force
Correct answer: (a) Stress to strain
Explanation: Young's modulus measures the stiffness of a material under tensile or compressive stress.
MCQ No. 27
Young's modulus is applicable when a body is subjected to:
(a) Twisting
(b) Compression from all sides
(c) Stretching or compression along its length
(d) Bending only
Correct answer: (c) Stretching or compression along its length
Explanation: Young's modulus describes longitudinal deformation caused by tensile or compressive forces.
MCQ No. 28
Bulk modulus is related to:
(a) Change in length
(b) Change in volume
(c) Change in shape only
(d) Change in temperature
Correct answer: (b) Change in volume
Explanation: Bulk modulus measures a material's resistance to uniform compression resulting in a change in volume.
MCQ No. 29
When a solid is compressed equally from all directions, the relevant elastic modulus is:
(a) Young's modulus
(b) Bulk modulus
(c) Shear modulus
(d) Poisson's ratio
Correct answer: (b) Bulk modulus
Explanation: Bulk modulus describes the response of a material to uniform pressure applied from all directions.
MCQ No. 30
The rigidity modulus is another name for:
(a) Young's modulus
(b) Bulk modulus
(c) Shear modulus
(d) Volume modulus
Correct answer: (c) Shear modulus
Explanation: Shear modulus is also known as the modulus of rigidity because it measures resistance to shear deformation.
MCQ No. 31
Shear stress changes the:
(a) Volume only
(b) Shape of the body
(c) Mass of the body
(d) Density of the body
Correct answer: (b) Shape of the body
Explanation: Shear stress mainly changes the shape of a body while its volume remains nearly constant.
MCQ No. 32
The deformation produced by shear stress is called:
(a) Longitudinal strain
(b) Volume strain
(c) Shear strain
(d) Thermal strain
Correct answer: (c) Shear strain
Explanation: Shear strain is the angular deformation produced by a tangential force.
MCQ No. 33
The stress-strain graph within the elastic limit is:
(a) Curved
(b) Horizontal
(c) A straight line
(d) Vertical
Correct answer: (c) A straight line
Explanation: According to Hooke's law, stress is directly proportional to strain, producing a straight-line graph.
MCQ No. 34
The slope of the stress-strain graph within the elastic region represents:
(a) Density
(b) Elastic modulus
(c) Pressure
(d) Work done
Correct answer: (b) Elastic modulus
Explanation: The slope of the linear portion of the stress-strain curve gives the elastic modulus of the material.
MCQ No. 35
A material having a large Young's modulus is:
(a) Highly elastic and stiff
(b) Easily stretched
(c) Soft
(d) Brittle only
Correct answer: (a) Highly elastic and stiff
Explanation: A higher Young's modulus indicates greater stiffness and smaller deformation under the same load.
MCQ No. 36
Which of the following quantities is dimensionless?
(a) Stress
(b) Young's modulus
(c) Strain
(d) Pressure
Correct answer: (c) Strain
Explanation: Strain is the ratio of two lengths and therefore has no dimensions or units.
MCQ No. 37
If the applied stress is doubled within the elastic limit, the strain will:
(a) Become half
(b) Double
(c) Remain unchanged
(d) Become four times
Correct answer: (b) Double
Explanation: Hooke's law states that stress and strain are directly proportional within the elastic limit.
MCQ No. 38
Which property enables metals to be drawn into thin wires?
(a) Brittleness
(b) Ductility
(c) Plasticity
(d) Elasticity
Correct answer: (b) Ductility
Explanation: Ductility is the property that allows a material to be stretched into thin wires without breaking.
MCQ No. 39
The property of a material by which it can be hammered into thin sheets is called:
(a) Elasticity
(b) Ductility
(c) Malleability
(d) Brittleness
Correct answer: (c) Malleability
Explanation: Malleability is the ability of a material to be shaped into thin sheets under compressive forces.
MCQ No. 40
A brittle material generally:
(a) Undergoes large plastic deformation before breaking
(b) Breaks with very little deformation
(c) Can easily be drawn into wires
(d) Has very low strength
Correct answer: (b) Breaks with very little deformation
Explanation: Brittle materials such as glass fracture suddenly with little or no plastic deformation before breaking.
MCQ No. 61
Young's modulus is most suitable for studying the elasticity of:
(a) Liquids
(b) Gases
(c) Wires and rods
(d) Powders
Correct answer: (c) Wires and rods
Explanation: Young's modulus measures the resistance of a material to longitudinal stretching or compression and is commonly applied to wires and rods.
MCQ No. 62
Bulk modulus measures a material's resistance to:
(a) Change in length
(b) Change in shape
(c) Change in volume
(d) Change in mass
Correct answer: (c) Change in volume
Explanation: Bulk modulus is the ratio of normal stress to volumetric strain and indicates resistance to uniform compression.
MCQ No. 63
The modulus that measures resistance to shearing deformation is:
(a) Young's modulus
(b) Bulk modulus
(c) Shear modulus
(d) Poisson's ratio
Correct answer: (c) Shear modulus
Explanation: Shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) measures resistance to changes in shape due to tangential forces.
MCQ No. 64
The slope of the linear portion of a stress-strain graph represents:
(a) Density
(b) Pressure
(c) Young's modulus
(d) Strain energy
Correct answer: (c) Young's modulus
Explanation: Within the elastic limit, the slope of the stress-strain graph equals the Young's modulus of the material.
MCQ No. 65
Which material generally has the highest Young's modulus?
(a) Rubber
(b) Steel
(c) Plastic
(d) Wood
Correct answer: (b) Steel
Explanation: Steel is much stiffer than rubber, plastic, or wood and therefore has a much higher Young's modulus.
MCQ No. 66
If two wires of the same material have equal lengths but different diameters, then their Young's modulus will be:
(a) Different
(b) Zero
(c) The same
(d) Infinite
Correct answer: (c) The same
Explanation: Young's modulus depends only on the material, not on the dimensions of the object.
MCQ No. 67
For a given stress, the material having the largest Young's modulus will produce:
(a) Maximum strain
(b) Minimum strain
(c) Infinite strain
(d) Zero stress
Correct answer: (b) Minimum strain
Explanation: Since , a larger Young's modulus means a smaller strain for the same stress.
MCQ No. 68
A perfectly elastic material regains its original shape after:
(a) Heating
(b) Cooling
(c) Removal of the deforming force
(d) Polishing
Correct answer: (c) Removal of the deforming force
Explanation: A perfectly elastic material completely recovers its original dimensions after unloading.
MCQ No. 69
Which property is most important in selecting materials for bridge construction?
(a) Colour
(b) Elastic strength
(c) Transparency
(d) Solubility
Correct answer: (b) Elastic strength
Explanation: Structural materials should withstand heavy loads without permanent deformation.
MCQ No. 70
The elastic limit of a material is the maximum value of:
(a) Temperature
(b) Pressure
(c) Stress for which the material regains its original shape
(d) Density
Correct answer: (c) Stress for which the material regains its original shape
Explanation: Beyond the elastic limit, the material undergoes permanent deformation.
MCQ No. 71
When the elastic limit is exceeded, the material begins to exhibit:
(a) Elastic deformation
(b) Plastic deformation
(c) Thermal expansion
(d) Compression only
Correct answer: (b) Plastic deformation
Explanation: Plastic deformation is permanent and remains even after the force is removed.
MCQ No. 72
The stress corresponding to the beginning of permanent deformation is called the:
(a) Breaking stress
(b) Yield stress
(c) Compressive stress
(d) Shear stress
Correct answer: (b) Yield stress
Explanation: Yield stress marks the transition from elastic to plastic behavior.
MCQ No. 73
The point at which a material finally fractures is called the:
(a) Elastic point
(b) Yield point
(c) Breaking point
(d) Hooke's point
Correct answer: (c) Breaking point
Explanation: At the breaking point, the material can no longer withstand the applied stress and fractures.
MCQ No. 74
The stress-strain curve is useful for determining:
(a) Elastic properties of materials
(b) Chemical composition
(c) Melting point
(d) Boiling point
Correct answer: (a) Elastic properties of materials
Explanation: It provides information about elasticity, yield strength, ultimate strength, and fracture.
MCQ No. 75
A material suitable for making springs should have:
(a) Low elastic limit
(b) High elastic limit
(c) Low stiffness
(d) High plasticity
Correct answer: (b) High elastic limit
Explanation: A high elastic limit allows springs to return to their original shape after repeated loading.
MCQ No. 76
Which property enables shock absorbers to store mechanical energy temporarily?
(a) Plasticity
(b) Elasticity
(c) Brittleness
(d) Conductivity
Correct answer: (b) Elasticity
Explanation: Elastic materials store strain energy and release it when the load is removed.
MCQ No. 77
The mechanical property describing resistance to scratching is:
(a) Ductility
(b) Hardness
(c) Elasticity
(d) Toughness
Correct answer: (b) Hardness
Explanation: Hardness is the ability of a material to resist scratching, indentation, or wear.
MCQ No. 78
Which property describes the ability of a material to absorb energy before fracturing?
(a) Toughness
(b) Brittleness
(c) Malleability
(d) Rigidity
Correct answer: (a) Toughness
Explanation: Tough materials can absorb a large amount of energy before breaking.
MCQ No. 79
A material that can withstand repeated loading without failure possesses good:
(a) Fatigue strength
(b) Brittleness
(c) Transparency
(d) Compressibility
Correct answer: (a) Fatigue strength
Explanation: Fatigue strength is the ability of a material to resist failure under repeated or cyclic loading.
MCQ No. 80
Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Stress depends only on the material.
(b) Strain has the unit of pascal.
(c) Young's modulus is a characteristic property of a material.
(d) Bulk modulus is measured in joules.
Correct answer: (c) Young's modulus is a characteristic property of a material.
Explanation: Young's modulus depends only on the nature of the material. Stress is measured in pascals, strain is dimensionless, and bulk modulus is also measured in pascals.
MCQ No. 81
Elasticity of a material is primarily due to:
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Electrostatic forces between atoms and molecules
(c) Nuclear force
(d) Magnetic force
Correct answer: (b) Electrostatic forces between atoms and molecules
Explanation: Elasticity arises because intermolecular electrostatic forces oppose the displacement of atoms from their equilibrium positions.
MCQ No. 82
If the applied stress remains within the elastic limit, the deformation produced is:
(a) Permanent
(b) Elastic
(c) Plastic
(d) Irreversible
Correct answer: (b) Elastic
Explanation: Elastic deformation disappears completely after the external force is removed.
MCQ No. 83
Which of the following materials is commonly used for making spring balances?
(a) Rubber
(b) Spring steel
(c) Glass
(d) Clay
Correct answer: (b) Spring steel
Explanation: Spring steel possesses high elasticity and a high elastic limit, making it suitable for spring balances.
MCQ No. 84
The restoring force developed in a stretched elastic body acts:
(a) In the direction of deformation
(b) Opposite to the direction of deformation
(c) Perpendicular to the deformation
(d) Randomly
Correct answer: (b) Opposite to the direction of deformation
Explanation: The restoring force always opposes the applied force to restore the body to its original shape.
MCQ No. 85
If a wire is stretched beyond its elastic limit, it will:
(a) Completely regain its original length
(b) Undergo permanent deformation
(c) Become lighter
(d) Become perfectly rigid
Correct answer: (b) Undergo permanent deformation
Explanation: Beyond the elastic limit, a material experiences plastic deformation and does not return completely to its original dimensions.
MCQ No. 86
Which one of the following quantities is independent of the dimensions of a specimen?
(a) Extension
(b) Stress
(c) Young's modulus
(d) Strain
Correct answer: (c) Young's modulus
Explanation: Young's modulus is an intrinsic property of a material and does not depend on its size or shape.
MCQ No. 87
The relation between stress and strain remains linear:
(a) Up to the breaking point
(b) Up to the elastic limit
(c) Throughout plastic deformation
(d) Beyond the yield point
Correct answer: (b) Up to the elastic limit
Explanation: Hooke's law is valid only within the elastic region where stress is directly proportional to strain.
MCQ No. 88
Which property of solids allows buildings and bridges to withstand heavy loads safely?
(a) Radioactivity
(b) Elasticity
(c) Luminosity
(d) Magnetism
Correct answer: (b) Elasticity
Explanation: Elasticity enables structures to deform slightly under load and recover their original shape when the load is removed.
MCQ No. 89
A material with a low Young's modulus is generally:
(a) Stiffer
(b) More easily deformed
(c) Harder
(d) More brittle
Correct answer: (b) More easily deformed
Explanation: A smaller Young's modulus indicates less stiffness and greater deformation under the same stress.
MCQ No. 90
Which of the following statements about stress is correct?
(a) Stress is always zero inside a solid.
(b) Stress is produced due to an external force.
(c) Stress has no unit.
(d) Stress is measured in joules.
Correct answer: (b) Stress is produced due to an external force.
Explanation: External forces produce internal restoring forces per unit area, known as stress.
MCQ No. 91
Which mechanical property enables a material to resist sudden impact without breaking?
(a) Brittleness
(b) Toughness
(c) Plasticity
(d) Ductility
Correct answer: (b) Toughness
Explanation: Tough materials can absorb considerable energy before fracturing.
MCQ No. 92
The deformation produced in a body depends upon:
(a) Magnitude of the applied force only
(b) Nature of the material only
(c) Both the applied force and the material
(d) Colour of the material
Correct answer: (c) Both the applied force and the material
Explanation: Deformation depends on the applied load as well as the elastic properties of the material.
MCQ No. 93
The elastic limit of steel is generally:
(a) Lower than that of rubber
(b) Higher than that of rubber
(c) Equal to that of rubber
(d) Zero
Correct answer: (b) Higher than that of rubber
Explanation: Steel can withstand much greater stress before permanent deformation than rubber.
MCQ No. 94
Which of the following statements is true for an ideal elastic material?
(a) It undergoes permanent deformation.
(b) It completely regains its original dimensions after unloading.
(c) It never deforms.
(d) It breaks immediately when loaded.
Correct answer: (b) It completely regains its original dimensions after unloading.
Explanation: An ideal elastic material fully recovers its original size and shape after the deforming force is removed.
MCQ No. 95
The property of resisting deformation is known as:
(a) Elastic stiffness
(b) Compressibility
(c) Conductivity
(d) Diffusion
Correct answer: (a) Elastic stiffness
Explanation: Elastic stiffness describes a material's resistance to elastic deformation and is represented by its elastic modulus.
MCQ No. 96
The stronger the intermolecular forces in a solid, the:
(a) Smaller its elasticity
(b) Greater its rigidity
(c) Lower its strength
(d) Greater its compressibility
Correct answer: (b) Greater its rigidity
Explanation: Strong intermolecular forces hold particles firmly in place, increasing rigidity and stiffness.
MCQ No. 97
Which branch of physics studies the elastic behavior of materials under applied forces?
(a) Optics
(b) Mechanics
(c) Thermodynamics
(d) Nuclear Physics
Correct answer: (b) Mechanics
Explanation: Elasticity is a topic within mechanics that deals with the deformation and recovery of materials under forces.
MCQ No. 98
A wire elongates when subjected to tension because:
(a) The atoms are permanently separated.
(b) The intermolecular distance increases slightly.
(c) Its mass increases.
(d) Its density becomes zero.
Correct answer: (b) The intermolecular distance increases slightly.
Explanation: Stretching slightly increases the separation between atoms while the restoring forces oppose further extension.
MCQ No. 99
Which of the following is not an elastic constant?
(a) Young's modulus
(b) Bulk modulus
(c) Shear modulus
(d) Density
Correct answer: (d) Density
Explanation: Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, and Shear modulus are elastic constants, whereas density is a physical property unrelated to elasticity.
MCQ No. 100
Which statement best summarizes the concept of elasticity?
(a) All deformations are permanent.
(b) Elasticity is the ability of a material to oppose deformation and regain its original dimensions after the deforming force is removed.
(c) Elasticity exists only in metals.
(d) Elasticity is measured in newtons.
Correct answer: (b) Elasticity is the ability of a material to oppose deformation and regain its original dimensions after the deforming force is removed.
Explanation: Elasticity is a fundamental mechanical property arising from intermolecular restoring forces. It enables materials to resist deformation and recover their original shape and size as long as the applied stress does not exceed the elastic limit.
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