5.4 Commonly used String Function, Chapter - 5, Arrays and String, HSSC-II (12th Class) Computer Science Key Point Notes

12th Class (HSSC-II) Computer SLO Based Key Point Notes

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Unit 5: Arrays and String

5.4 Commonly used String Function

1. cin.get() Function:

• This function is used to read a string from the keyboard that may contain blank spaces.
• The cin statement can also be used to read a string but it has the limitation that it considers a blank space as a terminating character. It can only read a string consisting of a single word. Anything typed after a space is ignored.

The syntax of cin.get():

                                    cin.get( str_var, str_size );

It has two arguments. Str_var is the name of the string and str_size is the maximum size of the string or array.

EXAMPLE

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
        clarscr();
        char name[30];
        cout<<“Enter your Name: “;
        cin.get ( name, 30);
        cout<<“You Typed: “<<name;
        getch();
        }

2. strcpy() Function

This function is used to copy the contents of one string variable to another string variable.

Syntax:

            strcpy( string1 , string2 );

EXAMPLE

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
        clarscr();
        char str1[10] = “PAKISTAN”, str2[10];
        strcpy( str2, str1 );
        cout<<str2;
        strcpy ( str2, “ZINDABAD”);
        cout<<str2;
        getch();
}

3. strcat() Function

It is used for concatenation or joining two strings. 

The general syntax is:

                                    strcat( str1, str2 );

EXAMPLE

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
        clarscr();
        char str1[10] = “Home”, str2[10] = “Work”;
        strcat(str1, str2);
        cout<<str1;
        getch();
}

4. strlen() Function

• This function is used to return the length (the number of characters) of a string. 

The general syntax is:

                    strlen(string variable);

EXAMPLE

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
        clarscr();
        char name[30] = “Zahid Hussain”;
        cout<<the number of characters are: “<<strlen(name);
        getch();
}

5. strcmp() Function

strcmp(string1, string2):

This function is used to compare two strings and return an integer value based on the comparison. i.e.

EXAMPLE

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
        clarscr();
        char str1[10] = “mango”, str2[10]= “potato”, str3[10] = “mango”;
        int x;
        x= strcmp( str1, str2);
        cout<<x<<endl;
        x= strcmp( str3, str1);
        cout<<x<<endl;
        getch();
}

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5.1. Introduction to Arrays:

5.1.1 Comcept of an Array:

5.1.2. Declaring (defining) an Array

5.1.3. Initialization of Array

5.1.4. Using Arrays in Programs:

5.1.5. The Sizeof() Function

5.2.1. Introduction of Two-Dimensional Arrays

5.2.2. Defining and Initializing a Two-Dimensional Array:

5.2.3. Accessing and Filling a 2D array

5.3.1 Introduction to Strings

5.3.2 Defining (declaration) a String

5.3.2 Initializing a String

5.4 Commonly used String Function

Chapter 5 (Complete Key Point Notes)

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