Chapter 1: Classification of Living Organisms
Question and Answer through Lesson
Q1. Define classification.
Ans: To divide (put) organisms into separate groups on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Q2. What is the importance of Classification?
Ans: Due to classification,
1. We can determine the similarities and differences among organisms.
2. We can identify and study organisms on the basis of their structure and other characteristics.
3. We can know the relationships among the organisms.
Solved Activity 1.1: Page no. 2: Classification of Organisms
Q: Write the names of organisms in their respective group on the basis of having similar characteristics.
guava, fowl, pigeon, mango, sparrow, snake, crocodile, sunflower, lizard, cat, tiger, rose, cow, tortoise, Goat, dove. For example, rose, fowl, snake, and goat have been placed in separate groups.
Ans:
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 |
rose guava sunflower mango | fowl sparrow pigeon | snake lizard crocodile tortoise | goat cat tiger |
Q3. Living Organism can be classified into how many Kindom?
Ans: The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Q4. What are the large groups of organisms called?
Ans: The large groups of organisms are called kingdoms.
Q5. Explain the structure and characteristics of organisms in the Monera kingdom.
The organisms of the Monera kingdom are made of one cell. Their structure is very simple. These include bacteria (singular bacterium). Bacteria are found everywhere on Earth. Some bacteria can prepare their food. Many bacteria obtain food from other organisms and dead bodies. Some bacteria cause diseases in plants and animals.
Q6. Explain the structure and characteristics of organisms in the Protista kingdom.
Most of them live in water. This kingdom includes Amoeba, Paramecium, and Algae e.g. Spirogyra. Amoeba and Paramecium are made of one cell. Algae may consist of one or many cells. Algae are found in rivers, ponds, and oceans. They have chlorophyll.
Q7. Explain the structure and characteristics of organisms in the Fungi kingdom.
Some fungi are made of one cell. Many fungi are made up of more than one cell. Such fungi have filament-like bodies. Fungi need moisture for growth. They do not have chlorophyll. So, they cannot make their own food. They absorb food from the place where they live. Yeast is a microscopic fungus. Rhizopus is also called black bread mold. It grows on moist bread and fruits. The mushrooms are umbrella-like. They grow on piles of rotten matter.
Q8. Explain the structure and characteristics of organisms in the Plantae kingdom.
These organisms are made of more than one cell. They are called plants. They have chlorophyll in their leaves. So, they are able to make their food by using the energy of the Sun. Due to chlorophyll, their leaves are green in colour.
Q9. Explain the structure and characteristics of organisms in the Animalia kingdom.
These organisms are made of many cells. They are called animals. They do not have chlorophyll. So, they cannot make their own food. They can move from one place to another.
Q10. What is the difference between the paws of a hen and a duck?
Hens are classified as scratching birds and their paws (feet) are clawed with three sharp toes with sharp nails.
While, ducks' paws (feet) are flat and webbed, which makes them excellent tools for swimming around in water.
Q11. Bacteria belong to which kingdoms?
Ans: Bacteria are examples of Monera.
Q12. Write some examples of Fungi.
Ans: Yeast, Rhizopus, and Mushrooms are examples of Fungi.
Q13. How many plants are included in the Kingdom Plantea?
Ans: All the plants are included in the kingdom Plantae
Q14. How many animals are included in the Kingdom Animalia?
Q15. Flowering plants can be classified into how many groups? and write their name also.
Ans: There are two groups of flowering plants called monocot and dicot plants.
Solved Activity 1.2: Page no. 5:
Q. Take the seeds of wheat, rice, maize, pea, bean, and gram. Find out in which seed there is one cotyledon and in which seed there are two cotyledons. Write your observations.
Ans:
Monocotyledon seeds: wheat, rice
Dicotyledon seeds: pea, bean, gram
Q16. What are Monocot plants? Write some examples.
Ans: The flowering plants whose seeds have one cotyledon" are called monocot plants.
Examples: Bamboo, sugarcane, maize, wheat, and rice are examples of monocot plants.
Q17. What are dicot plants? Write some examples.
Ans: The flowering plants whose seeds have two cotyledons are called dicot plants.
Examples: Mango guava, pumpkin, pea, and rose are examples of dicot plants.
Q18. Which main parts of monocot and dicot plants are different?
Ans: There are differences in the seeds, leaves, and flowers of monocot and dicot plants.
Solved Activity 1.3: Page no. 6:
i. What is the arrangement of veins in monocot leaves?
Ans: In monocot plants, leaves, and veins are parallel to one another
ii. What is the arrangement of veins in dicot leaves?
Ans: The leaves of dicot plants have veins in the form of a net.
iii. What are the small leaves of a flower called?
Ans: The small leaves of a flower are called floral leaves.
2. The following are the main differences between Monocot and Dicot Plants
Q19. Animal kingdoms can be classified into how many groups?
Ans: Animals have been divided into two groups i.e. vertebrates and invertebrates
Q20. What are Vertebrates? Explain the structure and characteristics of Vertebrates.
All vertebrates have a backbone in their body. Most of them have internal skeletons made of bones. Their body has three main parts: head, abdomen, and tail. The brain is present in the skull. They have the great ability to hear, see smell, taste, and feel. The blood circulates in the blood vessels of the body. The skin of vertebrates is covered with scales feathers or hairs. Vertebrates include Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds Mammals.
Q21. Write the names of some major groups of vertebrates.
Ans: Vertebrates are classified into five major groups: These are Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds Mammals.
Q22. What are Fish? Explain the structure and characteristics of Fish.
Fish live in water. Both ends of their body are pointed. The middle part is broad and thick i.e. the body is boat-shaped. Their body shape is most suitable for swimming. They have scales on their skin. Fish breathe through gills. Fish have fins and tails which help to swim. Reproduction in fish takes place through eggs. Their body temperature depends on the temperature of their surroundings.
Q23. What are Reptiles? Explain the structure and characteristics of Reptiles.
Reptiles are called creeping animals. Their skin is thick, coarse, and dry which protects their body from external effects. Reproduction in these animals takes place through eggs. They lay eggs on land. Their body temperature also depends on the temperature of their surroundings. Lizards, crocodiles, snakes, and tortoises are examples of reptiles.
Q24. What are Mammals? Explain the structure and characteristics of Mammals.
Q25. What are Amphibians? Explain the structure and characteristics of Amphibians.
The animals that can live on land and also in water are called amphibians. They respire through the lungs and skin. Usually, their skin is moist and loose. They live on land but lay eggs in water. Their body temperature depends on the temperature of their surroundings. Their development takes place in water. Frogs, toads, salamanders, and newt are examples of amphibians.
Q26. Can amphibians flourish anywhere in the world? If No, explain why?
or
Why amphibians could not flourish in the whole world?
No, Amphibians are not found in deserts and snow because they cannot go away from water. They depend on water for reproduction and development.
Q27. Can reptiles flourish anywhere in the world? If yes, explain why?
or
Why do reptiles flourish everywhere in the whole world?
Yes, Compared to the amphibians, the reptiles flourished all over the world because they do not depend on water for reproduction.
Q28. What is the difference between a toad and a frog?
They usually have dry, bumpy skin and live on land.
They do not have webbed feet.
Toads have shorter legs as compared to frogs.
Frogs:
They usually have smooth, wet skin and live in or near water
They have webbed feet.
They have long legs as compared to toads.
Q29. What are Birds? Explain the structure and characteristics of Birds.
The birds have feathers and beaks. Their bones are hollow, thus their weight is less. Along with the lungs, they have air sacs. Birds can fly in the air. Some birds can swim in water. e.g. duck. Some birds cannot fly and are called running birds e.g. Kiwi and Ostrich. All birds lay eggs. The birds that live in water have webbed feet e.g. ducks. Their body temperature does not depend on the external environment. Sparrow, pigeon, kiwi, rooster, dove, parrot, and ostrich are examples of birds.
Q30. Where do polar bears live?.
Q31. What is the body covering of polar bears?
Q32. In what types of climate do elephants live?.
Q33. What are platypus groups called? How do they reproduce and feed their young ones?
Q34. What are the fly mammals called?
Bats are called the flying mammals.Q35. Where do the kangaroo keep their newborn babies?
Kangaroo keeps their newborn babies in an external pouch on the belly.Q36. What are the largest groups among vertebrates? What is the reasons
Ans: Among the vertebrates in the world, birds and mammals are the largest groups.
The reason is that both show parental care. Such as you must have seen how hens and cats take care of their young ones.
Q37. What are Invertebrates? Explain the structure and characteristics of Invertebrates.
Various types of invertebrates are found on the Earth. They do not have any type of bone inside the body. Their body structure is of various types. Some are flat, some are round and some are segmented. The body parts of invertebrates are different in different groups. Invertebrates include Sponges, Worms, Insects, Molluscs, and Echinoderms.
Q38. Write the names of five major groups of invertebrates.
Ans: Invertebrates are classified into five major groups. These are Sponges, Worms, Insects, Molluscs (mollusks), and Echinoderms.
Q39. What are Sponges? Explain the structure and characteristics of Sponges.
Sponges are aquatic animals and most of them live in the ocean. They are of various colours. They usually remain attached to stones. The body is full of pores externally and canals internally. Water enters through the pores and exits through a large pore. If any body part breaks, they can form it again.
Q40. What are Worms? Explain the structure and characteristics of Worms.
Q41. What are insects? Explain the structure and characteristics of Insects.
The insects are invertebrates with jointed legs. Their body is segmented. The body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. The number of legs is six or three pairs. The external surface of the body is hard, which is called exoskeleton. The exoskeleton protects and supports the body.
Q42. What is a Stick insect? Explain the structure and characteristics of the Stick insect.
A stick insect looks like a stick and is green or brown in colour. It is also known as a walking stick. A leaf insect looks like a leaf. Both of these hide in the environment to remain hidden from the enemy.
Q43. What are Molluscs? Explain the structure and characteristics of the Stick insect.
Ans: They are soft-bodied animals. They live in ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, and on land. To move freely or remain attached to anything. Some molluscs' bodies are covered with shells e.g. snails and oysters, whereas some are without shells e.g. octopus.
Q44. How is a pearl formed in the body of Oyster?
Pearl is formed around the grain of salt or sand that enters the body of an Oyster (a Mollusc). It takes years to form a pearl.
Q45. What are Echinoderms? Explain the structure and characteristics of the Echinoderms.
Echinoderms are found only in the ocean. They do not have any heads. The animals may be disc star-shaped or a long one. Their body has a spiny covering.
Ans: The number of kinds of organisms (living things) found in any particular place is called biodiversity.
Q47. Define extinct. Or what do you mean by the word extinct?
Q48. Define endangered organisms?
Q49. Write the name of some endangered animals in Pakistan?
Q50. How do human activities impact Biodiversity?
Q51. Write the names of some endangered trees in Pakistan.
Q52. Where are Pine trees located in Pakistan?
Ans: Pine trees in Bunair (KPK), Juniper in Ziarat (Balochistan)
Q53. Where are Mangroves located in Pakistan?
Ans: Mangroves at the seashores in Sindh are disappearing at a fast rate.
Q54. Can Indus Dolphine see in the water?
Ans: Yes, Indus Dolphin is blind but it can differentiate between light and dark.
Ans: Due to the construction of dams at the Indus River, the dolphins have declined in number. Now they are found only between Jinnah and Kotri barrages.
Q56. Write some steps taken for the conservation of Biodiversity.
Ans:
For the conservation of biodiversity, the following steps are taken.
1. The trade of endangered animals has been regularized.
2. To save the habitats, the number of game reserves has been increased.
3. National parks have been made all over the world where endangered animals are kept.
Q57. What are Mushrooms?
Ans: Mushrooms are large fungi.
Q58. Can Mushrooms be eaten?
Ans: Yes. Many mushrooms are eaten as food while some mushrooms are poisonous also.
Q59. Can you tell more steps to prevent infection?
Ans:
There are five ways to prevent infections
1. Wash hands regularly with soap especially before eating food and after using the toilets.
2. Avoid touching the eyes, nose, and mouth.
3. Get vaccinated on time.
4. Stay home, if you have symptoms of infections.
5. In case of any injury, cover the wound and go to the doctor immediately.
Q60. What is Penicillin? and from where it is derived?
Ans: Penicillin was the first antibiotic. It was derived originally from a type of fungi, known as Penicillium.
Q61. What are Mangroves?
Ans: Mangroves are small trees that grow in coastal areas.
Q62. What are Mangroves important?
Ans: They protect shorelines from damage. They act as nurseries for marine animals such as fish, crabs, prawns, etc.
Q63. Why is the conservation of Mangroves necessary?
Ans: Conservation of mangroves is very necessary. Because the Government of Pakistan earns foreign exchange from the export of marine animals such as fish, crabs, prawns, etc. living in Mangroves areas. Mangroves also reduce smoke and pollution in the city.
Q64. Is the conservation biodivercity necessary?
Ans: Conservation of biodivercity is very necessary. Because many organisms is now endangered. By conserving biodivercity, the organism can be saved from extention.
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