The Poem "IF—", by Rudyard Kipling — Paraphrasing, Central Idea, Summary, Poetic devices and Questions

The poem " IF— " by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

is a famous inspirational poem that teaches valuable life lessons about patience, self-control, courage, humility, and perseverance. Ideal for students preparing for exams and readers who want a clear, simple understanding of the poem.

National Book Foundation

(12h Class - Federal Board)

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Original Readings

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,

Or being hated, don't give way to hating,

And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream and not make dreams your master;

If you can think and not make thoughts your aim;

If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken

Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,

And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,

And lose, and start again at your beginnings

And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew

To serve your turn long after they are gone,

And so hold on when there is nothing in you

Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,

Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,

If all men count with you, but none too much;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,

And which is more—you'll be a Man, my son!

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Stanza-1

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,

Or being hated, don't give way to hating,

And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:

Line-by-line paraphrasing stanza 1:

1. If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,

→ The poet says that you should stay calm and think clearly even when others around you are panicking and putting the blame on you. Then you are showing great strength of character.

2. If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

→ The poet advises that you must have confidence in yourself even when others doubt you but also understand that it’s natural for them to have doubts.

3. If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

→ The poet says that you should be patient and not lose hope even if success takes time.

4. Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,

→ The poet advises that even if others spread lies about you, you must not lie in return.

5. Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,

→ The poet says that even if people hate you, you should not hate them back.

6. And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

→ The poet warns that you should remain humble and not act proud or show off your wisdom.

Simple and easy paraphrasing of stanza-1 in a paragraph:

In the stanza, the poet advises his son to stay calm and think clearly even when others around him are panicking or blaming him for their problems. He should trust himself even if others doubt him but also understand their doubts without anger. The poet encourages patience and honesty, saying that even if people lie about or hate you, you should not respond with lies or hatred. Instead, you should remain humble, avoiding arrogance or pride in your behaviour and speech.

Stanza-2

If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;

If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;

If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken

Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,

Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,

And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:

Line-by-line paraphrasing stanza 2:

7. If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;
→ The poet says that it’s good to dream, but you should not let dreams control your life.

8. If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;
→ The poet advises that thinking deeply is good but not just keep thinking without taking action.

9. If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster and treat those two impostors just the same;
→ The poet says you should treat success and failure equally, as both are temporary and not the true measure of life.

10. If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
→ The poet says that if dishonest people twist your words and use them wrongly, you should have the strength to bear it.

11. Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
→ The poet says that if you see your hard work destroyed, you must not give up.

12. And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:
→ The poet says that even if your hard work is destroyed, you should have the courage to rebuild everything from the beginning, even with limited resources.

Simple and easy paraphrasing of stanza-2 in a paragraph:

In the stanza, the poet tells his son that it is good to dream and think, but one should not let dreams or thoughts control one’s life. He must treat both success and failure equally because both are temporary and not permanent realities. The poet advises that if someone twists your words or destroys what you have built, you should not give up. Instead, you should stay strong and rebuild everything patiently, even if you have to start from nothing and work hard with limited resources.

Stanza-3

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,

And lose, and start again at your beginnings

And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew

To serve your turn long after they are gone,

And so hold on when there is nothing in you

Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'

Line-by-line paraphrasing stanza 3:

13. If you can make one heap of all your winnings and risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
→ The poet says that if you can gather everything you have earned and risk it all in one brave attempt, you show great courage.

14. And lose, and start again at your beginnings and never breathe a word about your loss;
→ The poet says that even if you lose everything, you should start again without complaining or blaming anyone.

15. If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew to serve your turn long after they are gone,
→ The poet says that when you are completely exhausted, you should still use your willpower to keep going.

16. And so hold on when there is nothing in you except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’
→ The poet advises that even when you feel you have nothing left, your inner strength and determination should tell you to never give up.

Simple and easy paraphrasing of stanza-3 in a paragraph:

In the stanza, the poet further says that one must have the courage to risk everything, even all one’s achievements, for a greater purpose. If one loses everything, he should not complain but start again with determination. The poet emphasizes the importance of inner strength — even when your body and energy are exhausted, your strong will should push you to keep going. This shows real endurance and courage in the face of difficulties.

Stanza-4

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,

Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,

If all men count with you, but none too much;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,

And—which is more—you'll be a Man, my son!

Line-by-line paraphrasing stanza 4:

17. If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,

→ The poet says that you should remain good and humble whether you are among ordinary people and also stay humble even when with powerful people.

18. If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,

→ The poet says that you should be emotionally strong, not let enemies or even close friends affect your peace of mind.

19. If all men count with you, but none too much;

→ The poet advises that you should value everyone equally, but never depend too much on anyone.

20. If you can fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,

→ The poet says that you should make the best use of every single moment of your life by working hard and using your time wisely.

21. Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, and—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

→ The poet concludes that if you follow all this advice, you will gain everything in life—and more importantly, you will become a true, mature, and noble human being.

Simple and easy paraphrasing of stanza-4 in a paragraph:

In the final stanza, the poet advises his son to stay kind and virtuous when dealing with ordinary people and to remain humble even when meeting great and powerful people. He should not let enemies or even close friends hurt him emotionally. The poet says that one should respect everyone but not depend too much on anyone. He must use every single minute of his life wisely and productively. If he can do all this, he will achieve true success, gain self-control, and become a complete and mature person

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The Summary of the Poem “ If —” by Rudyard Kipling

1. The poem “If—” by Rudyard Kipling presents a father’s advice to his son on how to live a disciplined and honourable life. The poet emphasizes patience, self-control, courage, and honesty as essential qualities of a strong character. He advises remaining calm in difficult situations, trusting oneself despite others’ doubts, and staying truthful even when surrounded by lies and hatred. Kipling teaches that success and failure should be treated equally, as both are temporary. He encourages perseverance, urging one to rebuild life after loss without complaint. The poem also highlights humility, advising balance while dealing with both crowds and kings. In the end, the poet concludes that mastering these virtues leads to true success and maturity.

2. The poem “If—” by Rudyard Kipling is written as a father’s advice to his son. The poet gives practical and moral lessons about how to live a good, successful, and meaningful life. The poem highlights important virtues such as staying calm under pressure, trusting yourself when others doubt you, and remaining patient. It advises against responding to lies or hate with the same behaviour and encourages balancing dreams with realistic thinking. The poem emphasizes resilience, especially in the face of failure, urging you to rebuild after losses and keep pushing forward with determination. Finally, it stresses the importance of humility, treating everyone equally, and making the most of every moment. By following these principles, one can achieve greatness and become a truly mature and admirable person.

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The Central Idea of the poem “ If— ” by Rudyard Kipling

Central Idea No. 1:

The central idea of Rudyard Kipling's poem *"If"* is about the qualities and virtues needed to live a successful and fulfilling life. The poem advises maintaining self-control, confidence, patience, and integrity in challenging situations. It emphasizes resilience, determination, humility, and the ability to treat both success and failure equally. By following these principles, a person can achieve not only material success but also personal growth and maturity, ultimately becoming a true and complete individual.

Central Idea No. 2:

The central idea of *"If"* by Rudyard Kipling is about the qualities needed to become a mature, responsible, and successful person. The poem emphasizes the importance of staying calm under pressure, believing in yourself while understanding others' doubts, being patient, truthful, and avoiding hatred. It encourages balancing dreams with reality, treating both success and failure equally, and having the strength to rebuild after setbacks. The poem highlights resilience, determination, humility, and the ability to make the most of every moment. If one can embody these virtues, they will achieve personal success and maturity.

Central Idea No. 3: (best one)

The central idea of the poem “If—” by Rudyard Kipling is that true success and maturity come from building a strong and balanced character. The poet advises his son to remain patient, calm, and confident in difficult situations, even when others doubt or blame him. He emphasizes honesty, courage, and self-control, encouraging the ability to face both success and failure without being overjoyed or disheartened. The poem also highlights perseverance, urging one to start again after loss and continue working with determination. Humility and fairness in dealing with both ordinary people and powerful figures are important qualities. Kipling teaches that one should dream and think, but not be enslaved by dreams or thoughts. By mastering these virtues and living with moral strength, a person can achieve true greatness. Ultimately, the poem conveys that discipline, patience, courage, and wisdom lead to a complete and successful life.

6. Poetic Devices Used in the poem “If—” by Rudyard Kipling:

Personification: –

Abstract concepts like Triumph and Disaster are called “impostors,” giving human qualities to ideas, which helps readers understand their deceptive nature.

Imagery: –
The poet uses vivid images such as “worn-out tools” and “unforgiving minute” to help readers visualize hard work, struggle, and balance needed in life.

Rhyme Scheme: –

The poem uses a regular rhyme scheme (ABAB), which gives it a rhythmic and musical quality. This helps make the advice easier to remember.

Repetition: –

The word “If” is repeated at the beginning of many lines. This emphasizes conditions for success and creates a strong, motivational tone.

Contrast / Antithesis: –

Kipling contrasts ideas like Triumph and Disaster, dreaming and acting, success and failure, crowds and kings, truth and lies to show the balance one must maintain in life.

Metaphor: –

The poem is full of metaphors, e.g., comparing life’s challenges to games of chance (“risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss”). It shows life as something to face bravely, with courage and perseverance.

Alliteration: –

Repetition of consonant sounds in phrases like e.g., “watch the things you gave your life to, broken” or “force your heart and nerve and sinew.” creates musical quality and emphasizes key qualities like strength and effort.

Didactic Tone: –

The poem teaches moral lessons and advice. Its tone is instructive, guiding the reader on how to become a mature and responsible person.

Imperative / Direct Address: –

The poet speaks directly to his son using “you” and gives advice in the form of instructions to makes the poem personal and engaging, as if the reader is receiving guidance directly.

Short Answer Questions of the poem “ If— ” by Rudyard Kipling:

Q1. Who is the poet of the poem “If—”?

👉 The poem “If—” is written by Rudyard Kipling, a famous English poet known for his inspirational and moral poetry.

Q2. What is the poem “If—” about?

👉 The poem is about a father giving advice to his son on how to live a strong, wise, and successful life. It teaches moral values like patience, honesty, courage, and humility.

Q3. What does the poet mean by “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs”?

👉 The poet means that one should stay calm and composed even when others panic or blame you unfairly. Self-control in difficult times shows true strength.

Q4. What does the poet say about dreaming and thinking?

👉 The poet says that it is good to dream and think, but one should not let dreams or thoughts control one’s life. Action and balance are more important.

Q5. How should one face Triumph and Disaster according to the poet?

👉 The poet says that both Triumph (success) and Disaster (failure) should be treated equally because both are temporary and not the real measure of life.

Q6. What should a person do if he loses everything he has achieved?

👉 The poet advises that one should not give up or complain but have the courage to start again from the beginning with patience and determination.

Q7. What is meant by “If you can fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run”?

👉 It means that every minute of life should be used wisely and productively, without wasting time. Every second counts.

Q8. What is the reward mentioned at the end of the poem?

👉 The poet says that if one follows all these teachings, he will gain the world and everything in it — and, more importantly, become a true and mature “Man.”

Long Answer Questions of the poem “ If— ” by Rudyard Kipling:

Q1. What advice does Rudyard Kipling give to his son in the poem “If—”?

👉 In “If—”, Rudyard Kipling gives valuable advice to his son about how to live a balanced and successful life. He teaches him to stay calm in difficulties, be patient, truthful, and forgiving even when others are not. The poet advises him to treat success and failure equally and to rebuild courageously after loss. He encourages humility when dealing with both common people and powerful rulers. The poet concludes that if his son follows all these lessons, he will gain true wisdom and maturity and become a complete man.

Q2. How does the poet describe the qualities of a true man in the poem “If—”?

👉 The poet describes a true man as someone who remains calm, confident, and kind in all situations. He should not be affected by praise or criticism and must treat success and failure equally. He must be patient, honest, and hardworking, using every moment of his life wisely. The poet believes that a true man is humble yet strong, balanced yet ambitious, and can control his emotions. Such a person earns respect and achieves greatness in life.

Q3. What moral lessons does the poem “If—” teach us?

👉 The poem teaches us several important moral lessons. It tells us to stay patient, brave, honest, and humble. We should control our emotions and face life’s challenges with courage. The poet advises not to give up after failure but to start again with confidence. He teaches that we should make good use of time, treat everyone equally, and stay balanced in both joy and sorrow. The main lesson is that good character and self-control are the keys to true success and greatness.

MCQs of the poem If—” by Rudyard Kipling

1. Who is the poet of the poem “If—”?

A) William Wordsworth

B) Rudyard Kipling

C) John Keats

D) Robert Frost

Answer: B) Rudyard Kipling

2. What is the main theme of the poem?

A) Nature and seasons

B) Father’s advice on life and character

C) Love and friendship

D) War and peace

Answer: B) Father’s advice on life and character

3. In the poem, childhood is compared to:

A) Summer

B) Autumn

C) Spring

D) Winter

Answer: C) Spring

4. Which of the following qualities is NOT emphasized in the poem?

A) Courage

B) Patience

C) Greed

D) Self-control

Answer: C) Greed

5. What does Kipling call Triumph and Disaster?

A) Friends

B) Enemies

C) Impostors

D) Teachers

Answer: C) Impostors

6. Which poetic device is used when abstract ideas like Triumph and Disaster are described as impostors?

A) Simile

B) Personification

C) Hyperbole

D) Metaphor

Answer: B) Personification

7. The line “risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss” is an example of:

A) Metaphor

B) Alliteration

C) Simile

D) Hyperbole

Answer: A) Metaphor

8. The poem is mainly written in:

A) First-person narrative

B) Third-person narrative

C) Second-person imperative

D) Free verse

Answer: C) Second-person imperative

9. The poet advises to treat both success and failure:

A) With great joy

B) With extreme sorrow

C) Equally

D) Ignored completely

Answer: C) Equally

10. What is the ultimate reward according to the poem if one follows all the advice?

A) Fame and wealth

B) Friendship

C) The Earth and becoming a complete man

D) Power and victory

Answer: C) The Earth and becoming a complete man

Vocabulary from “If—” by Rudyard Kipling

Blaming
Meaning: Assigning responsibility for a fault or wrong
Synonyms: Accusing, faulting
Antonyms: Praising, forgiving
Example: If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you.

Allowance
Meaning: Understanding or consideration for someone’s behavior
Synonyms: Consideration, tolerance
Antonyms: Neglect, intolerance
Example: But make allowance for their doubting too.

Triumph
Meaning: A great victory or achievement
Synonyms: Success, victory, achievement
Antonyms: Failure, defeat
Example: If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster and treat those two impostors just the same.

Disaster
Meaning: A sudden event causing great loss or failure
Synonyms: Catastrophe, misfortune
Antonyms: Success, blessing
Example: Triumph and Disaster are impostors, so treat them the same.

Impostors
Meaning: Someone or something that deceives or pretends to be what they are not
Synonyms: Fraud, deceiver
Antonyms: Honest, genuine
Example: Triumph and Disaster are impostors.

Stooping
Meaning: Bending down or lowering oneself physically or metaphorically
Synonyms: Bowing, lowering
Antonyms: Rising, standing tall
Example: And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools.

Worn-out
Meaning: Very tired or used up
Synonyms: Exhausted, tired, old
Antonyms: Fresh, new, strong
Example: And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools.

Virtue
Meaning: Moral excellence; good quality
Synonyms: Morality, goodness, integrity
Antonyms: Vice, immorality
Example: If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue.

Unforgiving
Meaning: Not willing to forgive; harsh
Synonyms: Harsh, relentless
Antonyms: Forgiving, merciful
Example: If you can fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run.

Perseverance / Will
Meaning: Steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty
Synonyms: Determination, persistence
Antonyms: Weakness, quitting
Example: Except the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’