Class 8 History Notes, Unit 1: Arrival of the British in the Subcontinent -- Exercise Short and Long Questions and Answers, for 8th Centralized Exam 2024 and onward, FDE, Islamabad

Class 8 History Notes

Unit-1

"Arrival of the British in the Subcontinent"

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Class 8 History MCQs (All Units Exercise)

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1. Exercise Short/Brief Questions and Answers:

Q1. What were the main causes of the defeat of Siraj ud Daulah in the battle of Plassy?

Ans:

The defeat of Siraj-ud-Daulah in the battle of Plassey is due to the following reasons.

Nawab's General Mir Jaffar betrayed him by taking bribes from the British and helping them to win the war.
Nawab's artillery was dampened due to heavy rainfall.

Q2. Briefly describe the transfer of British Power in India from the East Indian Company to the Crown?

Ans:

The unsuccessful War of Independence 1857 strengthened British rule in the subcontinent. As a result, the rule of the East India Company came to an end and on November 1, 1858, the Queen took over the government of India. Queen Victoria's Proclamation declared that India would be governed by a Secretary of State.

Q3. Outline the structure of the British Administration?

Ans:

Structure of British Administration:

A member from the British parliament was given the title of Secretary of State for India who was empowered to run the affairs of the country. For proper implementation of the policies, a 15-member council was also constituted under the chairmanship of the Secretary of State. The title of the Governor General was changed to Viceroy, who was given the authority to appoint the governors.

Q4. What were the Objectives of the British Education Policy

Ans:

British Education Policy was mainly based on learning of Englodj and focused on Modern Education forgetting the classical knowledge base of India.

Q5. Specify the advantages of Communication networks introduced by the British?

Ans:
The communication network introduced by the British made traveling easy and fast. It also provided businesses and employment to the locals.

2. Long/Detailed Questions and Answers:

Q1. Describe the causes and results of the Battle of Plassey.

Ans:
Causes of the battle of Plassey:
The British wanted to protect their business in India but nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah was a big threat to them.
Fortification of Calcutta by the British without Nawab’s Permission.
Misleading Nawab on various fronts by British.
An asylum was provided to Nawab’s Enemy Krishna Das.

Results of the battle of Plassey:

As a result, Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated by the British in the Battle of Plassey and the East India Company strengthened its rule in India. Now, Nawab of Bengal was only a puppet in the hands of the British

Q2. Identify Tipu Sultan as a symbol of Resistance.

Ans:
Tipu Sultan also known as the tiger of Mysore was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in India. Tipu Sultan became a big threat to British Rule and defeated them. The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War proved to be decisive when British forces attacked the capital Seringapatam. Tipu Sultan could not get any help from his French allies and after great acts of bravery, he was martyred on May 4, 1799. His legacy is still alive today as the life of Tipu Sultan gives a message to everyone under illegal dominance to live a life like a tiger and not to live like a coward.

Q3. What are the salient features of the Queen Victoria Proclamation?

Ans:.
Salient features of Queen Victoria Proclamation are:
Appointment of Viceroy: A viceroy was appointed to run government affairs in India.
The obligation of Treaties: State princes were assured that the treaties made by the East India Company would be honored.
Religious Freedom: Religious Freedom was restored as the Servants of the British Government in India was ordered not to interfere in the religious affairs of Local People.
Equality: Equality treatment was promised to Indians.
Regard of Local Rituals: Local People were assured that due regard would be given to their customs while framing and administering low regard to local rituals

Q4. Identify Tipu Sultan as a symbol of Resistance?

Ans:

On February 2, 1836, Macaulay presented his famous Minute. He declared more funding for English and Scientific Education. He Declared English as a key to Success and declared Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit as Inferior languages. The following words truly depict the British Education Policy in India:

“We must at present do our best to form a class of persons, Indian and colors but English in best in opinions, in morals, and in intellect.”

Macaulay further expressed his preference for higher education for the upper-class cost of ignoring elementary classes. He believed that education from the upper class could be transmitted to the lower class but this could never happen.

Q5. What measures for social transformation were taken since the British accession to power?.

Ans:
Sati (the practice of burning a Hindu Widow with her Dead Husband) was made illegal and punishable by law.
The prevailing caste system was discouraged and people were provided equal opportunities.
Female education was promoted.
Underage marriage was banned and the minimum age was fixed for the marriage.

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