Class 8 Geography Notes, Unit 3: Environmental Pollution -- Exercise Short/brief and Long/detailed Questions and Answers, for 8th Centralized Exam 2023 and onward, FDE, Islamabad

8th Class Geography Notes

Unit-3

"Environmental Pollution"

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Class 8 Geography MCQs (All Units Exercise)

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1. Exercise Short/Brief Questions and Answers:

Q1. Define pollution and its types?

Ans:

Pollution means all unhealthy changes that are happening in our environment. In simple words, the addition of anything that brings unhealthy change to the quality of air, soil, and water and affects man and other living organisms is called pollution.

Types of Pollution :

i. Air Pollution

ii. Water Pollution

iii. Land Pollution

iv. Noise Pollution

v. Light Pollution

Q2. Suggest some remedies to avoid noise pollution?

Ans:

Drivers should avoid the use of pressure horns near schools, hospitals, and busy streets.
Proper noise silencers should be used in vehicles.
Loud sound systems and the use of megaphones must be avoided.

Q3. What is the impact of air pollution on our life?

Ans:

Breathing in polluted air can cause a variety of respiratory problems.
Air pollution can trigger serious diseases such as heart problems, asthma, pneumonia, eye issues, and lung cancer.
Children are especially at high risk of asthma.

Q4. How do environmental problems affect different places in the world?

Ans:

We live in an interconnected world. Any change in the environment of a place affects the other places directly and indirectly. We are using the same resources as air, water, oceans, and forests. Human and environmental impacts of the problem cross the borders of any country and can be felt everywhere.

Example: Pollution, forests fires, deforestation, extinction of species, and smog are such problems that create trouble within the county but also for other countries

2. Long/Detailed Questions and Answers:

Q1. Highlight the main causes of pollution and suggest ways to reduce them.

Ans:

Main causes of Pollution:

1. Burning of fossil fuels:

Such as coal, oil, and gas to produce electricity or transportation.

2. Automobiles:

Gasses emitted from vehicles.

3. Agricultural activities:

Pesticides and fertilizers emit harmful chemicals.

4. Factories and industries

Emit carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds.

5. Mining activities

Dust and chemicals and released while mining.

6. Domestic sources

Household cleaning products and paints contain chemicals.

7. Construction and Demolition

Raw materials such as bricks and concrete cause haze.

8. Open burning of Garbage waste

9. Volcanic eruption.

Volcanoes release sulfur dioxide into the air.

Suggestions to reduce pollution:

Pollution is a worldwide problem it has no boundaries. Pollution that originates in one country can also damage other countries through water and air. So national and international efforts must be made to minimize pollution. As an individual and a community, we can contribute to reducing the harmful effects of environmental pollution by the following measures:

People should be educated about the types, causes, and effects of pollution.
Environment-friendly ad energy-efficient vehicles should be used.
Use of public transport should be preferred to personal cars.
Factories, airports, and major bus terminals should be constructed far away from residential areas.
Government must check waste treatment plants in factories. Factories should not be allowed to discharge their chemical wastewater into streams, canals, rivers, or seas without treatment.
Drivers should avoid the use of pressure horns near schools, hospitals, and busy streets.
Proper noise silencers should be used in vehicles.
Loud sound systems and the use of megaphones by vendors must be avoided.
We should focus on planting more trees to make the environment better.
There should be less use of pesticides and fertilizers for crops. This will reduce the runoff of pollutant material into nearby water sources.

Q2. What responsibilities do individuals have to protect natural resources?

Ans:

1. Reduce, reuse, and recycle:

The best way to minimize pollution is to make sure that you are not adding to the existing waste. This means finding multiple uses for an item. In the long run, you want to reduce the amount of waste you generate. However, these wastes are found to end up in a landfill and contribute to overall pollution.

2. Planting trees:

Planting trees can help greatly in reducing global warming than any other method. They absorb carbon dioxide which makes up 82% of greenhouse gases.

3. Awareness:

People should be educated through media and motivational speakers that can help them to understand the value of natural resources.

4. Conserve Water:

Individually, taking shorter showers or turning the tap while brushing can reduce water waste at home levels.

5. Conserve energy:

Turn off any lights, television, or computers after you leave a room. Unplug appliances like air conditioners, toasters, and microwave ovens when not in use as they continue to use a small amount of electricity, we should use long-lasting bulbs and LED lights.

6. Use of public transport:

Cars are harmful to the environment. Taking public transport, walking, or riding a bicycle or better options that help options that help the environment.

7. Avoid plastic bags:

Say no to plastic grocery bags and always encourage bags that can be decomposed.

8. Use of alternative resources:

Use alternative resources like hydroelectric power, wind energy, and solar energy

instead of coal, gas, and oil.

Q3. How is excessive use of land causing threats to the environment?

Ans:-

Excessive use of land and natural resources:

The natural ecosystem provides services to humans and other living organisms for their survival and better quality of life.
The ecosystem is directly affected by land use.
Human activities have transformed forests, grasslands, and wetlands into arable and built-up lands.
More recent significant effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization, and desertification.
Because of the imbalance provision of the economic and natural ecosystems, the land use changes on ecosystem services and their economic value have become the focus of concern for scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders over a decade.

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