Class 8 Geography Notes, Unit 2: Living with the Climate -- Exercise Short/brief and Long/detailed Questions and Answers, for 8th Centralized Exam 2023 and onward, FDE, Islamabad

8th Class Geography Notes

Unit-2

"Living with the Climate"

************************************

Class 8 Geography Unit-2 MCQs Preparation (Exercise)

************************************

1. Exercise Short/Brief Questions and Answers:

Q1. What is meant by extreme weather? Give examples.

Ans:

Extreme weather is a deviation of weather in terms of intensity from the range that has been seen in the past. Deviation from regular weather patterns leads to extreme weather or extreme climate Extreme weather or extreme climate events include unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather;

Examples;

Hurricane or cyclone includes strong wind and heavy rain.
Flood: Happens when heavy rainfall in a short period f time.
Tornados are accompanied by clouds, strong wind, rain, and hail.
Hail storm: Form of precipitating consisting of lumps of ice.

Q2. Discuss the main threats of climate change.

Ans:

The main threat of climate change includes rising sea eve, ecosystem collapse and frequent weather changes and severe weather climatic change affect the whole patterns of weather.

The rise in temperature due to global warming causes the melting of ice resulting in the rise of sea levels.
The warming of the atmosphere is changing weather and vegetation patterns, resulting in more frequent and severe storms and draughts across the globe.
Higher temperatures are affecting the length of seasons.
The high temperature across the globe can pose health risks and deaths.
The impact of global warming will become more severe if we do not act to stop greenhouse emissions.

Q3. Define global warming.

Ans:

A gradual increase in average global temperature is called global warming. Global temperatures have increased by approximately 1°C over the last 100 years over the last three decades, human activities have increased the volume of greenhouse gases in the air and that has increased the impact of the greenhouse effect. Due to the increase in greenhouse gases in the air, the climate f Earth is becoming warmer.

Q4. What are the consequences of global warming?

Ans:

The moisture from land and water is rapidly evaporating due to the high temperature. This causes drought. Some plants and animals would not be able to survive in drier conditions.
Increased ocean temperatures are melting glaciers and ice caps all over the world. Melted ice increases the volume of water in our oceans. Warmer temperatures also result in the expansion of the water's mass, which causes sea levels to rise, threatening low-lying islands and coastal cities.
An increase in temperature may damage crops However, an increase in temperature due to global warming might improve conditions for crops in colder, northern regions.

Q5. What is distinct about the lifestyle of people of coastal areas?

Ans:

The coast is an area where land meets sea or ocean. The climate remains moderate in coastal areas. The temperature of that area, under the influence of the ocean, remains moderate. People prefer to live in coastal areas because of the suitable climate. People adopt dress, food, and activities according to their climate. In coastal areas, most of the people are associated with fishing, importing, and exporting.

2. Long/Detailed Questions and Answers:

Q1. What are the main causes of climate change?

Ans:

Climate change is a change in the average climatic conditions of an area. An area can become colder or warmer, wetter, or drier over time. Our Earth is experiencing climatic changes for the last thousands of years. The climate of the Earth was not the same as we are experiencing it today; rather it has undergone various climatic changes in the past.

Main causes of climate change:

There are several reasons for climate change, and the following paragraphs discuss these reasons that cause climate change including the movement of tectonic plates, changes in the Earth's orbit, human activities, and atmospheric changes.

a. Plate Tectonics:

The movement of continents over millions of years caused by tectonic plate movement may affect climate change.

The changing position of the continents changes wind flow and ocean currents around the globe. These changes affect the temperature and precipitation patterns of the continents and oceans. Thus, the climate of any particular Continent is not the same as it was millions of years ago.

b. Orbital Changes:

It includes

i. Changes in the shape of Earth's orbit:

Earth's orbit changes from elliptical to circular shape and that affects Earth's distance from the Sun. Earth's distance from the Sun causes climate changes on the Earth. Climatic changes due to changes in the shape of Earth's orbit take place over 100000 years.

ii. Changes in the Earth's tilt:

An increase or decrease in the tilt of the Earth's axis results in changes in temperature patterns on Earth's surface, as well as its spinning speed.

iii. The wobble of the Earth on its axis:

The wobble of the Earth on its axis changes the direction of the Earth's tilt and that can change the occurrence of seasons. These changes occur in cycles of 26000 years.

c. Human Activities:

The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing due to pollution from domestic, agricultural, transport, and industrial releases into the atmosphere. Deforestation and the burning of trees also release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

An increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere is leading to global warming. Carbon dioxide molecules retain heat resulting in an increase in the temperature of the atmosphere. Global warming refers to the rise in temperatures around Earth. This increase in temperature causes climate changes in the world.

d. Volcanic Activity:

Large volcanic eruptions can influence climates around the world. Sulfur and ash from volcanic eruptions can decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space. These changes last from a few weeks to several years and depend on the strength and duration of that eruption.

Q2. Explain the relationship between extreme weather and climate change.

Ans:

Extreme weather events, like heat waves, droughts, and heavy precipitation are directly linked to climate changes. The impact of global warming is being felt everywhere.

Oceans are getting warmer and tropical storms are becoming more stronger.
In 2020 Atlantic hurricane season included a record-breaking 30 tropical storms with 6 major hurricanes.
The United States saw an unprecedented 22 weather and climate disasters that caused at least a billion dollars in damage in 2020.
Extreme heat waves have caused tens of thousands of deaths around the world in recent years.
Antarctica has lost nearly four trillion metric tons of ice since the 1990s. If burning fossil fuels at the current pace continue, it will cause sea levels to rise several meters in the next 50 to 150 years wreaking havoc on coastal communities worldwide.

Q3. Differentiate climatic patterns of Karachi and New York

Ans:-

The climate pattern of Karachi City:

Karachi's climate is extremely hot in summer while arid, and windy in winter. The sky is mostly clear around the year.
The annual temperature typically varies from 18°C to 30°C and is rarely below 10°C or above 38°C.
The hot season lasts for 3 to 4 months. The hottest month of the year in Karachi is June, with an average high temperature of 34°C and low of 28°C.
July is the wettest month.
The cool season lasts from December to February. The coldest month of the year is January with an average low temperature of 14°C and a high of 26°C.

The climate pattern of New York City:

The climate of New York City is humid subtropical. Some parts of the city transitioning into a humid continental climate. This gives the city cool, wet winters and hot, humid summers with plentiful rainfall all year round.
The city receives frequent, heavy rainfall which averages 49.9 inches (1,267 mm) annually.
Spring is the wettest season and February is the driest month.
The city also receives snow, primarily in winter, but sometimes in the late autumn and early spring as well.
The wind is seldom strong in New York City but can occasionally be noticeable. This is especially true in the autumn and winter seasons when extra-tropical depressions often bring strong winds.

************************************

Shortcut Links For:

1.  5th Class All Subjects Notes
2.  8th Class All Subjects Notes
3.  Easy English Grammar Notes

1. Website for School and College Level Physics
(https://askrarequiz.blogspot.com)
2. Website for School and College Level Mathematics
(https://askraremaths.blogspot.com)
3. Website for Single National Curriculum Pakistan - All Subjects Notes
(https://askrareclassnotes.blogspot.com/)

© 2023 & onwards Academic Skills and Knowledge (ASK)

Note:  Write me in the comments box below for any query and also Share this information with your class-fellows and friends.