Rules for Forming Plural of Nouns --- Easy English Grammar Notes

How Plurals are formed:

From Regular Nouns:

Regular nouns are easily made plural with a few simple changes such as adding 's' or 'es' at the end of the word.

👉 by adding 's' to the singular noun:

boy ↠ boys,                  desk ↠ desks,  

girl ↠ girls,                   Cow ↠ Cows.

👉 by adding 'es' :

Class ↠ classes,             box ↠ boxes,  

branch ↠ branches,      dish ↠ dishes, 

tax ↠ taxes,                  watch ↠ watches

match ↠ matches,         brush ↠ brushes 

👉 Most nouns ending in -o forms plural by adding es:

buffalo ↠ buffaloes,        mango ↠ mangoes

potato ↠ potatoes           hero ↠ heroes 

volcano ↠ volcanoes       echo ↠ echoes 

👉 few nouns ending in -o and adds -s to form plural:

Solo ↠ Solos                      logo ↠ logos 

kilo ↠ Kilos                       ratio ↠ ratios

piano ↠ pianos                 Commando ↠ command 

photo ↠ photos                 stereo ↠ stereos

👉 noun ending with y preceded by a consonant, change y into i and add es:

baby ↠ babies                 lady ↠ ladies 

city ↠ cities                     country ↠ countries 

pony ↠ ponies                 story ↠ stories 

army ↠ armies 

👉 Noun ending in 'f' or 'fe', form the plural by changing 'f' or 'fe' into 'v' and adding es:

thief ↠ thieves                   wife ↠ wives 

half ↠ halves                     wolf ↠ wolves 

self ↠ selves                     leaf ↠ leaves 

shelf ↠ shelves                  knife ↠ knives 

From Irregular Nouns:

Irregular nouns do not follow rules used for regular nouns.

The following rules are applied to irregular nouns.

👉 Some nouns charge into a plural by changing the inside vowel:

man ↠ men                     foot ↠ feet 

Woman ↠ women             louse  ↠ lice 

goose ↠ geese                 tooth ↠ teeth 

👉 There are few nouns that form the plural by adding en: 

Ox ↠ Oxen                     child ↠ children.

Nouns with no change:

There are some nouns that do not change their spelling to make their plurals.

Example:

deer, fish, sheep, hair, cattle, etc. 

Nouns: Number, Singular number, Plural Numbers:

Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
day	days	knife	knives	man	men
bag	bags	parcel	parcels	foot	feet
cat	cats	inch	inches	mouse	mice
nook	nooks	box	boxes	tooth	teeth
girl	girls	radio	radios	woman	women
boy	boys	leaf	leaves	goose	geese
toy	toys	phenomenon	phenomena	ox	oxen
bench	benches	bus	buses	child	children
page	pages	wolf	wolves	hair	hair
table	tables	family	families	fly	flies
fox	foxes	formula	formulas	sheep	sheep
tree	trees	letter	letters	deer	deer
bush	bushes	hero	heroes	sky	skies
dentist	dentists	potato	potatoes	loaf	loaves
glass	glasses	tomato	tomatoes	roof	roofs
plate	plates	city	cities	dish	dishes
mother	mothers	root	roots	cuff	cuffs

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Easy English Grammar Notes

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