General Science (G.Sc.) Class 5 Notes
Based on the Single National Curriculum, PK
(New Book/New Syllabus for 2023-2024 Exams and onward)
National Book Foundation
as
Federal Textbook Boards, Islamabad
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as
Federal Textbook Boards, Islamabad
Unit: 1. Classification of Organisms:
Q. Fill in the blanks:
1. The large groups of organisms are called kingdom.
2. All the plants are included in Kingdom Plantae.
3. All the animals are included in Kingdom Animalia.
4. Animals are divided into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates.
5. The different kinds of organisms found in any particular area's called biodiversity.
6. Deforestation, urbanization, and cultivation have destroyed the habitat of organisms.
7. Vertebrates have five major groups, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
8. The five major groups of invertebrates are sponges, worms, insects, molluses, and echinoderms.
9. Examples of monocots are bamboo, sugar cane and wheat.
10. Examples of dicots are guava, pumpkin, and rose.
11. The flowering plants are divided into two groups as monocot and dicot plants.
12. Dividing organisms into groups on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
13. Indus Dolphin is blind but it can differentiable between light and dark.
14. Stick insect looks like a stick and is green or brown in colour.
15. Worms are soft-bodied animals.
16. Sponges are aquatic animals and most of them live in oceans.
17. The bodies of worms are segmented.
18. The bodies of molluses are covered with shells.
19. Insect bodies are divided into three parts head, thorax, and abdomen.
20. The exoskeleton protects and supports the body.
21. Bat is a flying mammal
22. Polar bear lives in the snowy regions of the north pole.
23. Kangaroo keeps their newborn babies in the external pouch of the belly.
24. Birds and mammals are the largest vertebrate groups.
25. Platypus is a mammal.
26. Eagle is a large bird of prey, which lives on high trees or rocks.
27. Woodpeckers live in the holes that they make in the tree trunks.
28. A bird park is called Aviary.
29. Dinosaurs were the largest reptiles of ancient times.
30. Reptiles are called creeping animals.
31. Amphibians can live both on land and in water.
32. The flowering plants whose seeds have two cotyledons are called dicot plants.
33. The one-flowering cotyledon plants which are called seeds have monocot plants.
Unit: 3 Flowers and Seeds
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. A flower is a very important and attractive part of a plant.
2. The stalk of the flower is called pedicel.
3. The Flower has four parts; sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel
4. Ovary is an oval-shaped part of the carpel.
5. Carpel is the female reproductive part of the flower.
6. Stamen is the male reproductive part of the flower.
7. Pollen grains are formed on Anther.
8. Filament gives support to the anther.
9. Petals attract insects and birds to the flower.
10. Sepals protect the internal structure of a flower.
11. There are two types of pollination self-pollination and cross-pollination.
12. The outer con outer covering of the seed is called the seed coat.
13. Transfer of pollen grains from another to the stigma is called pollination.
14. The Gram seed has two cotyledons.
15. Maize is a monocot plant.
16. Ovule forms seeds. The ovary ripens to form fruit.
17. The maize seed consists of a seed coat, endosperm, and embryo.
18. Embryo consists of cotyledons, which store food.
Unit: 4. Environmental pollution:
Q. Fill in the blanks
1. The particular place where an organism lives is called its environment.
2. Plants and animals are the living components of the environment
3. Sunlight, soil, water, and air are the non-living components of the environment:
4. Any change in the environment which is harmful to living things is called environmental pollution.
5. The substances that cause pollution are called pollutants.
6. There are three types of pollution; air pollution water pollution and land pollution.
7. The aquatic animals die due to water pollution.
8. Smog causes diseases of the lungs, throat, skin, and eyes.
9. Garbage from homes, fertilizers, wastes, and a spray of chemical substances are causes of land pollution.
10. The polluted water from sewerage, waste substances to factories insecticides, fertilizers, and leaking oil is the cause of water pollution.
11. The 4R principle means Reuse, Reduce, Refuse and Recycle.
12. 4R principal help to reduce the pollution of non-biodegradable things.
13. The government started the campaign for a Billion tree plantation in 2018.
14. Vegetables, fruits, meat, and paper are biodegradable materials.
15 Polythene bags, plastic bottles, and computer components are non-biodegradable materials.
Unit 5: Physical and Chemical changes of matter.
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. The process during which solids become liquid on the absorption of heat is called melting.
2. The change that occurs on the surface of iron due to the action of oxygen and water is called rusting.
3. In chemical change a material is combined with another one to form a new material having new properties.
4. Solution is formed when solid or liquid mixes with other liquid uniformly forming a mixture.
5. The minor component which is dissolved in a solution is called a solute.
6. The major component which dissolves the solute is called the solvent.
7. The change of water into vapors is called evaporation.
8. The change of gas into liquid is called condensation.
9. On heating the change of a liquid into a gas is called boiling.
10. The process during which heat is released from the liquid changing it into a solid is called freezing.
11. A dilute solvation is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute.
12. A concentrated solution is one that has a large amount of dissolved solute.
13. The burning of paper is a chemical change.
14. The chemical change cannot be reversed.
15. Iron + oxygen + water = Rusting
16. Physical change can be reversed.
17. There are two types of changes; physical change and chemical change.
18. Decaying is a process in which is food obtained by decomposing the dead bodies into simple components.
19. Drinks such as milk, tea, and soft drinks are all solutions.
20. The dissolving of any solute in a solvent is called stirring.
21. The dissolving of salt in water is a physical change.
22. In a physical change, only the appearance of a substance or matter changes but the chemical composition remains the same.
23. The three states of matter are; solid, liquid, and gas.
29. Matter has mass and occupies space.
30. All substances are made of matter.
Unit 6: Light and Sound
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. Light is a form of energy.
2. Light travels in a straight line.
3. More light is reflected from a shiny or polished surface.
4. A vibrating object produces sound.
5. Sound can pass through air, water, and solid objects.
6. The speed of sound in air is slower than it is in liquids and solids.
7. The intensity of sound decreases with the increase of distance from its source.
8. Harsh and irritant sounds are unpleasant sounds.
9. Unpleasant sounds are called noise.
10. Noise is very harmful to human health.
11. We can see through transparent objects.
12. A faint image is seen across translucent objects.
13. Shadows form behind opaque objects as light cannot pass through them.
14. The astronauts cannot talk to each other on the moon, because of the lack of air on the Moon.
15. Noisy environment affects the growth of sheep, hen, and cows.
16. Sound is a form of energy that produces vibration in the particles of matter.
17. The speed of sound in a solid is 15 times faster than in air.
18. The light is not reflected by a dark surface.
19. The light from the sun reaches the earth after 8 minutes.
20. Fireflies and a few seafish emit light due to some chemical changes.
21. The objects that emit light are called luminous objects.
22. The speed of light is the fastest in the universe.
23. Light travels 300,000 km in one second in air or vacuum.
Unit 7: Electricity and Magnetism
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. Charge is a basic property of matter.
2. There are two kinds of charge positive charge and negative charge.
3. The path of current flow is known as an electric circuit.
4. The flow of charge is called the electric current.
5. Similar charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each other.
6. A fuse is inserted in an electric circuit for safety.
7. The materials which allow the flow of electric current through them are called conductors.
8. The materials which do not allow the flow of current through them are insulators.
9. The ends of a magnet are called the magnetic poles.
10. A magnetic compass is used to find directions.
11. The Earth behaves as a huge bar magnet.
12. The materials which are attracted by a magnet are called magnetic materials.
13. A magnet is a piece of metal that attracts objects made of iron, nickel, and cobalt.
14. A freely suspended magnet always stays in the north-south direction.
15. If a current is passed through a coil wound around an iron rod, the rod behaves as a magnet. It is called an electromagnet.
16. Turning on a switch allows the current to pass through a circuit. It is called a closed circuit.
17. Turning off the switch stops the current flow in a circuit. It is called an open circuit.
18. Nowadays, circuit breakers are used in place of fuses.
19. Circuit breaker works like a fuse.
20. Electricity is commonly known as the electric current.
21. A switch is used to control the flow of charge.
Unit 8: Structure of Earth:
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. The outer shell of the earth is called the crust. It consists of seas and solid rocks.
2. The thickness of the crust is about 5 km to 70 km.
3. The Mantle is the biggest part of the Earth by volume.
4. 71% of the earth's surface is covered by water.
5. 97% is the salted water in the oceans, and 2% is frozen in the form of glaciers.
6. There are three parts of the earth on the basis of its structure.
7. The decayed matter is called humus. It makes the soil fertile.
8. There are three types of soil; sand, clay, and silt.
9. Clay is useful for making pottery sand for glass, and silt for cultivation.
10. The middle layer is the mantle. It consists & of extremely hot thick fluid.
11. The core is the central part of the earth. It is the hottest and heaviest part of the Earth.
12. The major part of the earth is made up of rocks.
13. Rocks are broken down due to strong sunshine and severe rains. This process is called weathering.
14. Soil is composed of small broken particles of rocks, minerals, water, and air.
15. The core consists of two parts; an internal core and an external core.
16. The temperature in the core is 5000°C.
17. The thickness of the mantle is 3,900 km.
Unit 9: Space and Satellite
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. NASA is an American agency responsible for space exploration and aviation.
2. A Satellite is an object which revolves around another big object due to its gravity.
3. Artificial satellites are objects put into orbit around the earth by human beings.
4. Satellites are used for communication navigation broadcasts, weather forecasts and military uses.
5. The International Space Station is a human-made huge space laboratory orbiting around the Earth.
6. Space is the unlimited expanses in which we have the sun stars, earth, and galaxies.
7. GPS (Global Positioning System) is for finding and monitoring locations.
8. The study of the Earth from orbiting satellites is known as remote sensing.
9. The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.
10. Venus is called the morning star.
11. The bright object after Sun is the planet, Venus.
12. NASA stands for National Aeronautics Land Space Administration.
13. NASA launched a space station called Skylab on May 14, 1973.
14. The Earth rotates about its axis with a speed of 1670 km per hour over the Equator.
15. Geostationary satellites are used for communication purposes and transmitting TV signals across the world.
16. Communications satellites help to transmit signals of Radio, TV, and mobile phones from one place to another.
17. Polar-orbiting satellites are used for weather information.
Unit 10: Technology in Everyday Life:
Q. Fill in the blanks.
1. Spirit level is used to check the level of the horizontal surface.
2. Mason uses a plumb line to keep a wall vertically straight.
3. First Aid is temporary care given to a person who has got sudden illness or injury.
4. Management of resources for dealing in an emergency situation during the earthquake, fire, flood, etc. is called disaster management.
5. Hospitals are the places where patients are treated properly.
6. A plumb line is a weight with a pointed tip at the bottom.
7. Spirit levels are used by carpenters, masons, plumbers, and electricians to check horizontal surfaces.
8. LEDs are tiny light-emitting bulbs.
9. Making a technical model is a useful skill.
10. A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
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2. 5th Class: Social Study (S.St.) Notes
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