(National Book Foundation - New Book/New Syllabus Based on National Curriculum Pakistan 2023-2024 and Onwards)
(National Book Foundation - New Book/New Syllabus Based on National Curriculum Pakistan 2023-2024 and Onwards)
(Class 8 General Science Notes for 8th Centralized Exam 2023-2024 and onward, FDE, Islamabad)
(Class 8 General Science Notes for 8th Centralized Exam 2023-2024 and onward, FDE, Islamabad)
Click Here for Solved MCQs Unit-4
D. Structured questions
1. Think like a biotechnologist.
Plastic pollution is a severe threat to land and water bodies. Recently a very efficient plastic-eating mushroom is discovered in the Amazon forest. This mushroom can be grown on landfills to break down plastics. But mushrooms cannot grow in water (river, ocean etc.) How this mushroom can be used to solve plastic pollution in water bodies. Brainstorm and predict steps that can be used to reach the solution.
Step 1 is done for you.
Step 1: Identify mushroom genes responsible for plastic breakdown.
Step 2: Isolation of genes of interest by using some enzymes.
Step 3: Insert that gene into mushroom species living in water for growth.
2. Graph shows the use of insecticides and cultivation of genetically modified (GM) corn. Look at the changing trend and answer the following questions:
a. What type of gene has been inserted in this corn?
Ans: BT gene has been inserted in this corn
b. Why the use of insecticides has decreased progressively?
Ans: Over time many pesticides have generally lost their effectiveness because pests developed resistance.
c. Why farmers preferred genetically modified corn over normal varieties?
Ans:Farmers may prefer genetically modified (GM) corn over normal varieties because GM corn often offers advantages such as increased resistance to pests and diseases, improved tolerance to herbicides, and higher yields, which can lead to reduced crop loss and increased profitability.
d. Give the environmental advantage of cultivation of this corn.
Ans: BT com reduces the need for pesticides. increase the supply of food with reduced cost and large life.
3. In 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated a boy with cowpox virus which is considered the first-ever vaccination in human history. Cowpox material developed immunity in that boy against smallpox.
a. Why did cowpox material provide immunity against smallpox?
Ans: Because after vaccination the Patient developed antibodies that than immune to smallpox.
b. What is the present status of smallpox?
Ans: In 1980, the WHO declared that Smallpox had been indicated. But currently, there is no evidence of naturally occurring Smallpox transmission anywhere in the world.
c. Why vaccines are considered better solution against infectious diseases?
Ans: Vaccination helps to develop memory cells in our blood vaccine trains our bodies to build immunity against infectious diseases without causing illness.
d. Name diseases against which you have been vaccinated.
Ans: Typhoid, Covid-19, smallpox, Malaria
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